10 Year ARM

A 10 Year ARM is a loan with a fixed rate for the first 10 years that has a rate that changes once each year for the remaining life of the loan. Because the interest rate can change after the first 10 years, the monthly payment may also change.

A 10 year ARM, also known as a 10/1 ARM, is a hybrid mortgage. A hybrid mortgage combines features from an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) and a fixed mortgage. It begins with a fixed rate for a specified number of years, but then changes to an ARM with the rate changing every year for the rest of the term of the loan.

Basically, an ARM is a mortgage loan that has an interest rate that adjusts, or changes, usually once a year. The benefit of an ARM is that it gives you a lower initial interest rate than a fixed rate mortgage. However, an ARM also caries the risk that the interest rate is likely to go up.

A 10 year ARM is tied to an index which in turn determines how much your interest rate will rise or fall at each adjustment period. An index is a published interest rate based on the returns of investments such as U.S. Treasury securities. The rates for these investments change in response to market conditions, so an index tends to track to changes in U.S. or world interest rates.

With a 10/1 ARM, the interest rate does not begin changing based on the index immediately. For example, if you have a 10 year ARM, your interest rate is fixed for the first ten years of the loan.  After ten years, the interest rate can change annually for the next 20 years until the loan is paid off. The first number in the name 10/1 ARM indicates the number of years of the fixed period while the second number indicates the adjustment interval. An adjustment interval is the period between potential rate changes (in this case, one year).

Hybrid mortgages often offer lower initial interest rate than fixed loans but higher interest rates than standard ARMs. A hybrid ARM gives you the security of knowing what you payments will be for the fixed period of your loan. With a 10/1 ARM, you know exactly what your interest rate will be for the first 10 years. After that, your interest rate, and therefore your monthly payment, could go up or down. 

Choosing a 10/1 ARM could save you money on your monthly mortgage payment. For example, say you are purchasing a $200,000 house and putting down 20 percent. After borrowing $160,000 at a 7 percent interest rate, your monthly payment on a 30 year fixed rate mortgage would be $1,064.48 each month. A 10/1 ARM could get you into the same house but with lower payments, at least initially. With a 10 year ARM you may be able to start out with a 6.25 percent interest rate, therefore making your monthly payments only $985.15 for the first 10 years of the loan. However, after the 10 year fixed period, the interest rate can change based on the index.  Because of this, it is essential that you be sure you can still afford the monthly payments if interest rates go up. Most 2/1 ARM’s will have a lifetime payment cap that limits how much the interest rate on your loan can rise.

If you plan to move or refinance prior to the end of the first 10 years of your mortgage, a 10/1 ARM may be right for you. Be sure to run the numbers to make sure it makes sense. You do need to be aware that some states allow prepayment penalties for hybrid arms. If you refinanced your home or sold it during the first five years of your loan, you may have to pay the lender a penalty fee. Find out from your lender the consequences, if any, of paying off the loan during the fixed period.

Weigh your options carefully when deciding the mortgage product that is best for you. If you like the security of a 30-year fixed but also want to take advantage of the lower rates typically associated with an ARM, a 10/1 ARM may be a good choice for you.